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第九章 PFG輥壓機(jī)設(shè)備的正常操作與運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

Chapter 9 Normal Operation and Running of Equipment

一、系統(tǒng)工藝各設(shè)備的啟動順序

1. The startup sequence of each equipment of the system process

該工藝系統(tǒng)設(shè)備均由計(jì)算機(jī)程序控制其啟閉關(guān)系，但在調(diào)試或計(jì)算機(jī)出現(xiàn)故障，需要手動時(shí)，必須按規(guī)定程序開啟或關(guān)閉。

The process system equipment is controlled by computer program to control its opening and closing relations, but when debugging or computer failures require manual operation, they must be turned on or off according to the prescribed procedures.

1、啟動出料系統(tǒng)各設(shè)備；由后往前至輥壓機(jī)；

1. Start each equipment of the discharging system; from back to front to the roller press;

2、啟動進(jìn)料系統(tǒng)中的除鐵器和金屬探測器；

2. Start the iron separator and metal detector in the feed system;

3、打開主機(jī)電源及控制柜，檢查確認(rèn)各儀表正常工作；

3. Turn on the power supply of the main machine computer and the control cabinet, and check that the instruments are working normally;

4、開啟集中潤滑系統(tǒng)；

4. Turn on the centralized lubrication system;

5、啟動主電機(jī)；

5. Start the main motor;

6、開啟進(jìn)料系統(tǒng)各設(shè)備；

6. Turn on the equipment of the feeding system;

7、開啟液壓油泵電機(jī)加壓，使系統(tǒng)壓力達(dá)到設(shè)定數(shù)值；

7. Turn on the hydraulic oil pump motor to pressurize to make the system pressure reach the set value;

8、觀察稱量倉的料位顯示，調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)料插板使料餅達(dá)到適當(dāng)?shù)暮穸取?/span>

8. Observe the material level display of the weighing bin, and adjust the feeding insert to make the cake reach the proper thickness.

二、系統(tǒng)工藝設(shè)備的停機(jī)順序

2. The shutdown sequence of system process equipment

1、關(guān)閉進(jìn)料系統(tǒng)各設(shè)備；

1. Turn off the equipment of the feeding system;

2、關(guān)閉除鐵器及金屬探測器；

2. Turn off the iron separator and metal detector;

3、將稱量料倉中的物料擠壓完畢，并關(guān)閉液壓油泵電機(jī)；

3. After squeezing the materials in the weighing bin, turn off the hydraulic oil pump motor;

4、關(guān)閉主電機(jī)；

4. Turn off the main motor;

5、關(guān)閉集中潤滑系統(tǒng)；

5. Close the centralized lubrication system;

6、關(guān)閉控制柜；

6. Close the control cabinet;

7、關(guān)閉所有出料系統(tǒng)設(shè)備。

7. Close all discharge system equipment.

三、輥壓機(jī)長時(shí)間停車必須采取的措施

3. The measures that must be taken when the roller press is stopped for a long time

1.卸掉液壓系統(tǒng)壓力；

1. Remove the pressure of the hydraulic system;

2.將各潤滑點(diǎn)加好充足的潤滑油脂，防此設(shè)備零、部件生銹或有雜物進(jìn)入設(shè)備密封腔內(nèi)；

2. Add sufficient lubricating grease to each lubrication point to prevent rust or debris from entering the sealed cavity of the equipment;

3.將蓄能器的充氣壓力降至5×105 Pa;

3. Reduce the charging pressure of the accumulator to 5×105 Pa;

4.在設(shè)備重新啟動之前,必須按第六章和第七章的程序進(jìn)行檢查、試車.

4. Before the equipment is restarted, it must be inspected and tested according to the procedures in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7.

四.設(shè)備運(yùn)行的主要參數(shù)選擇及其調(diào)整

4. Selection and adjustment of main parameters of equipment operation

輥壓機(jī)在運(yùn)行時(shí)，可供調(diào)節(jié)的參數(shù)主要有三個(gè)，即擠壓粉碎、磨輥轉(zhuǎn)速和被擠壓出的料餅厚度。一般來說，調(diào)節(jié)擠壓粉碎力，則可以改變被擠壓后的物料性能；而改變磨輥轉(zhuǎn)速（在本設(shè)備的范圍內(nèi)），僅改變設(shè)備自身處理物料的能力，對物料性能無影響；調(diào)節(jié)被擠壓出的料餅厚度，可以改變設(shè)備自身的處理能力，同時(shí)對物料的性能稍有影響；

When the roller press is running, there are three main parameters that can be adjusted, namely, crushing, grinding roller speed and the thickness of the extruded cake. Generally speaking, adjusting the squeezing and crushing force can change the performance of the material after being squeezed; while changing the speed of the grinding roller (within the scope of this equipment) only changes the equipment's own ability to handle the material, and has no effect on the material performance; Adjusting the thickness of the extruded cake can change the processing capacity of the equipment itself, and at the same time have the slight impact on the performance of the material;

1、根據(jù)被擠壓物料的性質(zhì)，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆鬯榱�，以得到最佳的�?jié)能效果。本機(jī)的粉碎力與液壓系統(tǒng)壓力關(guān)系見下表：

1. According to the nature of the material to be extruded, select the appropriate crushing force to get the best energy saving effect. The relationship between the crushing force of this machine and the pressure of the hydraulic system is shown in the following table:

在選擇了適當(dāng)?shù)囊簤合到y(tǒng)工作壓力后，可調(diào)節(jié)液壓系統(tǒng)閥臺上的電接點(diǎn)壓力表的上限與下限壓力指針，使壓力波動在一合適的范圍內(nèi)（如1.2～2.0Mpa），并將其余各壓力控制閥表按“液壓系統(tǒng)試車”中所述進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。

After selecting the appropriate hydraulic system working pressure, the upper and lower pressure pointers of the electric contact pressure gauge on the valve table of the hydraulic system can be adjusted. Make the pressure fluctuate within the suitable range (such as 1.2～2.0Mpa), and adjust the other pressure control valve meters as described in “Hydraulic System Trial Run”.

2、輥壓機(jī)處理量可以通過設(shè)置在進(jìn)料裝置上的調(diào)節(jié)插板，改變被擠壓出的料餅厚度加以調(diào)節(jié)。輥壓機(jī)的工作輥縫原則是根據(jù)工藝要求的輥壓機(jī)處理量來確定，但它的下限受到原始輥縫和設(shè)備運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的限制，當(dāng)工作輥縫過小時(shí)，料餅太薄，缺乏彈性使設(shè)備震動加大，它的上限受到主電機(jī)額定負(fù)荷的限制；另外，如果新加入料的平均粒徑較大（在25～30mm以上）物料較硬，除如前所述加大回料量外，還應(yīng)適當(dāng)加大工作輥縫，這樣有利設(shè)備穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但料餅厚度調(diào)節(jié)范圍一般不能過大，料餅厚度過厚或過薄，對擠壓效果和設(shè)備本身都會產(chǎn)生不利的影響。一般調(diào)節(jié)范圍為：25-40㎜ 水泥。

The processing capacity of the roller press can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the squeezed cake by adjusting the plate on the feeding device. The working roll gap principle of the roller press is determined according to the processing capacity of the roller press required by the process, but its lower limit is limited by the original roll gap and the operating state of the equipment. When the work roll gap is too small, the material cake is too thin and the lack of elasticity increases the vibration of the equipment, and its upper limit is limited by the rated load of the main motor; In addition, if the average particle size of the newly added material is larger (above 25-30mm) and the material is harder, in addition to increasing the amount of recycled material as mentioned above, the work roll gap should also be appropriately increased, which is beneficial to the stable operation of the equipment. However, the adjustment range of the cake thickness is generally not too large. If the cake thickness is too thick or too thin, it will have an adverse effect on the extrusion effect and the equipment itself. The general adjustment range is: 25-40mm cement.

這里指的厚度為料餅的平均厚度

The thickness here refers to the average thickness of the cake

3、輥壓機(jī)系統(tǒng)工藝設(shè)備的連鎖

3. Interlocking of process equipment of roller press system

除鐵器、金屬探測器Iron remover, metal detector  出料輸送設(shè)備Discharge conveying equipment

集中潤滑系統(tǒng)Centralized Lubrication System

主軸承溫度檢測Main bearing temperature detection

主機(jī)啟動main machine start   稱量料倉控制Weighing Silo Control

輥縫檢測Roll gap inspection

液壓系統(tǒng)壓力檢測Hydraulic system pressure detection

喂料系統(tǒng)設(shè)備Feeding system equipment

五、輥壓機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)報(bào)警處理

5. Alarm processing of roller press control system

1、輥縫檢測報(bào)警

1. Roll gap detection alarm

1）當(dāng)移動輥一側(cè)的軸承座或移動輥整體后退量過大，達(dá)到設(shè)定的最大輥縫時(shí)，系統(tǒng)控制柜報(bào)警，其特征是：報(bào)警鈴響，同時(shí)閃光報(bào)警器發(fā)出閃光指示，從其上可以知道輥縫過大的情況；

1) When the bearing seat on one side of the moving roller or the overall retreat of the moving roller is too large and reaches the set maximum roller gap, the system control cabinet will give an alarm. The characteristic is: the alarm bell sounds and the flashing alarm will give out flashing instructions. It can know that the roll gap is too large;

2）發(fā)生此種情況一般是因?yàn)檩伩p中有較大很硬的異物，也有可能是由于進(jìn)料插板調(diào)得過大，系統(tǒng)操作失誤也有可能造成報(bào)警；

2) This happens usually because there are large and hard foreign objects in the roll gap, or it may be because the feed plate is adjusted too large, and the system operation error may also cause an alarm;

3）當(dāng)發(fā)生報(bào)警時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。當(dāng)查明因異物造成，則應(yīng)立即停車，排除異物。若因操作失誤，液壓系統(tǒng)未加壓力，則應(yīng)檢查、啟動液壓系統(tǒng)；若因輥縫過大，料餅過厚，則應(yīng)將插板適當(dāng)下調(diào)。

3) When an alarm occurs, it should be dealt with in time. When it is found that it is caused by the foreign body, the vehicle should be stopped immediately to remove the foreign body. If the hydraulic system is not pressurized due to operating errors, check and start the hydraulic system; if the roll gap is too large and the material cake is too thick, the insert plate should be appropriately lowered.

2、液壓系統(tǒng)壓力報(bào)警

2. Hydraulic system pressure alarm

1）當(dāng)液壓系統(tǒng)超過設(shè)定工作壓力一定數(shù)值后，控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)出報(bào)警。特征是響鈴、閃光。當(dāng)壓力達(dá)到規(guī)定的下限時(shí)，報(bào)警；當(dāng)壓力達(dá)到規(guī)定的上限時(shí)，則控制系統(tǒng)自動關(guān)閉主電動機(jī)。

1) When the hydraulic system exceeds a certain value of the set working pressure, the control system issues an alarm. The characteristics are bells and flashes. When the pressure reaches the prescribed lower limit, an alarm is issued; when the pressure reaches the prescribed upper limit, the control system automatically shuts down the main motor.

3、液壓泵濾油器堵塞報(bào)警

3. Alarm for blockage of hydraulic pump oil filter

1）當(dāng)液壓泵站的濾油器因雜質(zhì)堵塞過濾網(wǎng)，造成濾油器進(jìn)、出油壓差過大，控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)出報(bào)警。

1) When the oil filter of the hydraulic pump station blocks the filter screen due to impurities, causing the oil filter to enter and the oil outlet pressure difference is too large, the control system will issue an alarm.

2）當(dāng)濾油器堵塞報(bào)警發(fā)生后，不必馬上停車，可以讓其繼續(xù)工作一定時(shí)間，待主機(jī)停止工作時(shí)，拆卸濾油器，清洗濾網(wǎng)。但時(shí)間不可過長，否則將會損壞過濾網(wǎng)。

2) When the oil filter blockage alarm occurs, it is not necessary to stop the machine immediately, and it can continue to work for a certain period of time. When the main engine stops working, remove the oil filter and clean the filter screen. But the time should not be too long; otherwise the filter screen will be damaged.

4、潤滑泵貯油筒空油報(bào)警

4. Alarm for empty oil in lubrication pump oil tank

1）當(dāng)潤滑泵貯油筒內(nèi)油脂達(dá)到規(guī)定的下限位時(shí)，控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)出報(bào)警。特點(diǎn)是響鈴、閃光；

1) When the grease in the oil tank of the lubrication pump reaches the specified lower limit, the control system will issue an alarm. The characteristic is ringing and flashing;

2）當(dāng)發(fā)出貯油筒空油報(bào)警時(shí)，不必停主機(jī)，而應(yīng)當(dāng)立即取油，用充填泵向貯油筒內(nèi)打油。一般加油應(yīng)小于30L。

2) When the oil storage tank empty alarm is issued, it is not necessary to stop the main engine, but should immediately take oil, and use the filling pump to pump oil into the storage tank. Generally, the fuel should be less than 30L.

5.潤滑油路阻塞報(bào)警

5. Alarm for blockage of lubricating oil circuit

1）當(dāng)潤滑油路中某一路或幾路堵塞,控制系統(tǒng)均能發(fā)出報(bào)警信號。其特征是，當(dāng)潤滑油泵工作時(shí)，即控制柜模擬板上油泵電機(jī)工作指示燈亮?xí)r，分油器接近開關(guān)發(fā)出信號；

1) When one or several of the lubricating oil circuits are blocked, the control system can send out an alarm signal. Its characteristic is that when the lubricating oil pump is working, that is, when the oil pump motor working indicator on the analog board of the control cabinet is on, the oil separator proximity switch sends one signal;

2）當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一異常情況時(shí)，主機(jī)可不用停車，應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查各分油器的出口，確定被堵塞油路的位置加以檢修。若因檢修時(shí)間較長，則應(yīng)停機(jī)。

2) When this abnormal situation is found, the main engine does not need to be stopped, and the outlet of each oil separator should be carefully checked to determine the position of the blocked oil circuit for maintenance. If the maintenance time is long, the machine should be shut down.

六、設(shè)備正常檢查表

6. Equipment normal checklist

為了保證設(shè)備能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，提高運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)率，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備故障及隱患，延長設(shè)備使用壽命，必須按下表對設(shè)備進(jìn)行經(jīng)常的檢查；

In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment, improve the operation rate, discover equipment failures and hidden dangers in time, and prolong the service life of the equipment, the equipment must be checked frequently according to the following table;